What diseases can occur in the kidneys？

Kidney Damage

The rib cage and back muscles protect the kidneys; therefore, physical trauma seldom causes damage to them. However, a hit to the kidney can occasionally result in fatalities or major injuries. We refer to this as acute kidney damage, or AKI. Usually, it's a side effect of another disease, like an infection like strep throat or an operation on the stomach or heart. High blood pressure, diabetes, and long-term use of pharmaceuticals that damage the kidneys, such as NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) or illicit substances, are additional causes of AKI. Infections and birth anomalies affecting the urinary tract, like ureter blockages or flaws that allow fluids to flow into the kidneys, can also result in kidney damage. Because of her extensive muscular damage, Everett experienced rhabdomyolysis, which caused her muscles to break down too quickly and leak blood into her circulation. She realized this wasn't typical when her kidney pain started. A barrage of fluids was administered to her in order to wash the toxins out.

Renal failure

When the kidneys are unable to filter blood, renal failure results. Numerous factors, including high blood pressure (hypertension), can contribute to it. Over time, high blood pressure causes damage to blood vessels and kidneys. The kidney's waste-filtering units, or glomeruli, may possibly be the source of the issue. Polycystic kidney disease is another possible reason, as it results in the growth of several fluid-filled kidney cysts. Medication such as diuretics, which treat fluid accumulation; ACE inhibitors or ARBs, which lower blood pressure; and corticosteroid drugs, which support immune system function, can also be the reason. According to a recent study, CKD patients' heart health was found to be enhanced by cycling for 30 minutes at a moderate intensity each time they had dialysis. According to the Kidney Research UK-funded CYCLE-HD trial, patients who cycled had hearts that were more in line with normal size, had less scarring, and had better major blood vessel stiffness. Additionally, it demonstrated how the exercise reduced healthcare expenses for the NHS by more than PS1,400 per patient.

Renal stones

Hard lumps called kidney stones can form inside the kidneys. Their sizes vary from that of a sand grain to that of a pearl or bigger. Their surface is usually rough, and they are yellow or brown in color. They can produce excruciating discomfort in the groin and genital area and impede the passage of pee. Kidney stones are more common in diets heavy in animal proteins, sugar, and salt. Dehydration, some drugs, and a family history of kidney stones are further factors. By consuming adequate water, waste materials in the urine can be kept from becoming overly concentrated, and kidney stones can be avoided. It is advised to drink two to three liters of liquid per day. Citrus acid, found in lemons, prevents the formation of stones and can help dissolve those that have already formed. Salts of uric acid, calcium, and oxalate are the primary constituents of kidney stones. They might also include other substances that cause stones, like potassium, phosphate, cystine, and xanthine.